{"id":7762,"date":"2016-10-17T13:43:30","date_gmt":"2016-10-17T18:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.thechicagoschool.edu\/"},"modified":"2023-09-06T16:13:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T21:13:55","slug":"life-trauma-takes-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insight\/from-the-magazine\/life-trauma-takes-community\/","title":{"rendered":"Life after trauma: It takes a community"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"clearfix\"><p>When news that two bombs had been detonated at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 spread around the city\u2014and soon, the world\u2014the reaction was similar to that of any trauma.<\/p>\n<p>Those who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Boston-Marathon-bombing-of-2013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">witnessed the explosion<\/a> near the finish line on Boylston Street were in shock. There was widespread fear and at times, a sense of panic. Even those far from the event itself could feel the ripple effects of uncertainty, anxiety, and a collective sense of loss. The city entered a period of mourning and grief, with the nation joining them.<\/p>\n<p>It is a story that has become all too familiar.<\/p>\n<p>Four months before the Boston tragedy, 22 children were <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/2012\/12\/us\/sandy-hook-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gunned down<\/a> at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut. And on May 23, 2014, another <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/local\/lanow\/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-isla-vista-rampage-investigation-20150219-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spree of shooting and murder<\/a> terrorized the community of Isla Vista, California. And while the details of these brutal crimes are all very different, they have one thing in common\u2014they are traumatic, and the psychological impact spreads beyond the individual level to an entire community, sometimes even the nation at large. This results in the community needing to heal from the trauma together.<\/p>\n<h3>Sharing the Trauma: Understanding the Effects of Collective Trauma<\/h3>\n<p>Dr. Kristin Velazquez Kenefick, an associate professor in the Clinical Psychology department, says even though the effects of collective trauma are similar to individual trauma, they are often harder to diagnose and treat. They also require a wider spread, community approach. This is where she and other faculty members of <a href=\"\/\">The Chicago School<\/a> have stepped into the national spotlight\u2014often taking roles as panelists in the greater conversation about how to heal a community after trauma.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In some ways, the reaction is normal. What parent wouldn\u2019t watch the news of Newtown and fear sending their own child to school?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cOne of the things that makes it challenging is that not all the people have the same reaction. Not every person develops psychological distress from these events, but a good number of people do,\u201d explains Dr. Kenefick, who appeared on Good Day Chicago in 2013 to discuss the psychological impact of the Boston Marathon tragedy on children. \u201cOne of the things that can develop is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a lot in the media about veterans and PTSD from going to war, but this traumatic reaction can occur when someone is exposed to any traumatic event, whether it\u2019s going to war, a car accident, or a severe medical diagnosis.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Kenefick explains that even those who were not directly impacted by the Boston Marathon attack or the Sandy Hook shooting reported feeling psychological distress from it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven though Newtown is in Connecticut, there were many parents here in Chicago\u2014some people in my clinical practice\u2014who felt the trauma of those children dying and being exposed to this horrific event,\u201d she says, adding: \u201cThese events do affect the wider community, even if we are nowhere near the event from a geographical standpoint.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In some ways, the reaction is normal. What parent wouldn\u2019t watch the news of Newtown and fear sending their own child to school?<\/p>\n<p>But beyond the specifics of that particular event, Dr. Kenefick says she has also noticed an increase in anxiety in our overall society\u2014a malaise she believes could be tied to the 24\/7 exposure to media and news from around the world.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are all bombarded in the media by traumatic material. If you turn on the radio or the 5 p.m. news, usually the headlines have to do with violence or crime or war,\u201d she explains. \u201cThe ongoing exposure to this kind of material can take a toll on one\u2019s psychological makeup.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Healing and Adjusting to Life after Trauma<\/h3>\n<p>In November 2013, a week after a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/12\/13\/world\/asia\/philippines-typhoon-haiyan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">typhoon<\/a> killed more than 6,000 people in the Philippines, The Chicago School hosted an event to discuss how the psychological community can work together to help in relief efforts. Titled \u201cExamining Ways We Respond to Natural Disasters and Tragedies,\u201d the panel\u2014organized in collaboration with the <a href=\"\/academics\/centers-institutes\/\">Center for Multicultural and Diversity Studies<\/a> and the Department of Community Partnerships\u2014was meant to spark a \u201cschool-wide conversation\u201d about how natural disasters and tragedies have affected us as individuals and as a community.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Drake Spaeth (Psy.D. \u201902), a The Chicago School graduate who is now an associate professor in the counseling department and coordinator for the trauma concentration, has found that the trauma caused to a community when a natural disaster strikes is slightly different from what is experienced when the traumatic event is caused by other human beings.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Dr. Spaeth believes significant trauma can impact a community in a similar way, damaging the spiritual core of that community.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s interesting to me that human-perpetrated trauma is frequently experienced as more traumatic in some ways than natural disasters,\u201d he says. \u201cYou don\u2019t hear the \u2018why me?\u2019 as much as you do, say, when someone is attacked in their home.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Spaeth says that every trauma class for his students begins with examining the causes and effects of traumatic stress, including how trauma manifests itself in what he calls \u201ca bio-psycho-socio-culturo-spiritual\u201d fashion.<\/p>\n<p>As a therapist, he says it\u2019s not uncommon to hear a victim describe the impact of trauma as having a \u201cpiece of their soul ripped out\u201d or having one\u2019s spirit out of sync with one\u2019s body. \u201cIn indigenous cultures, the term \u2018soul loss\u2019 is something that describes that feeling, and a lot of times the healing work is \u2018soul retrieval\u2019 or \u2018soul recovery\u2019.\u201d Dr. Spaeth believes significant trauma can impact a community in a similar way, damaging the spiritual core of that community.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor me, seeing trauma as a spiritual wound and dealing with it that way is not something that our field traditionally does well, but it\u2019s always kind of a missing factor in understanding and approaching it,\u201d says Dr. Spaeth, explaining how this holistic view looks at the psyche of a community in the same way therapists might look at the psyche of an individual.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>When you talk about the psyche or a soul of a community that is impacted by trauma, especially a close-knit community, it\u2019s interesting to see how it fragments in a manner similar to the soul or psyche of an individual person.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cWhat if the community fragments in response to trauma in a manner that is similar to the way an individual fragments and dissociates in response to a trauma?\u201d he asks, adding: \u201cThe mental health profession has to be careful and not think this is only a psychological issue in the traditional sense and that we have the best solution. We have to be humble in realizing that we may not have all the answers about community trauma, that other perspectives have existed for a very long time, and that these wounds affect us on a spiritual level.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Spaeth also believes the healing of the core fragmentation in spiritual terms is the retrieval of its soul. \u201cJust as the individual is not the same after a trauma and works actively to discover who he or she is now, a community can also hopefully utilize a trauma as a springboard for growth and transformation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He says healing as a collective is an effort that involves more than therapists. It can include community organizers, political officials, teachers, nurses, doctors, religious leaders, and other community members. One of the examples of this that he uses in his trauma classes at The Chicago School includes a documentary about the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2011\/09\/21\/justice\/texas-dragging-death-execution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brutal 1998 murder<\/a> of an African-American man in Jasper, Texas and how it impacted the community.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen you talk about the psyche or a soul of a community that is impacted by trauma, especially a close-knit community, it\u2019s interesting to see how it fragments in a manner similar to the soul or psyche of an individual person,\u201d says Dr. Spaeth. \u201cWhat is intriguing to me about the Jasper incident is that it involved three white men committing a heinous crime against an African-American man and his family\u2014of a severity that seems particularly reprehensible in its viciousness for the present day. This small town in Texas is trying to wrap their minds and hearts around the fact that this happened in their community.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Spaeth says the documentary chronicles the event and what the community did to attempt to heal from it with community trauma healing\u2014to bring together the dissociated pieces of the town\u2019s \u201cpsyche\u201d and move forward.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you take the town of Jasper and think of it in the way that you think about the psyche of a person, the recovery from that dissociation is evident in the way they endeavored to come together in human compassion and understanding and dialogue and create a life after trauma.<\/p>\n<h3>Power of healing<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/naomicoheninstitute.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Naomi Ruth Cohen Institute<\/a> (NRCI) for Mental Health Education at The Chicago School held a community conference in June 2013 titled \u201cHelp, Hope, Healing After Trauma.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe impact of trauma is realized by every age group, race, ethnicity, socio-economic group, gender, community, and workforce,\u201d says Jill Randall, former executive director at NRCI, a nonprofit organization at The Chicago School that provides resources, hope, and community to those who struggle with the stigma of mental illness and those who support them. \u201cThe goal of this conference was to bring together families, professionals, and concerned community members so that they may engage in stimulating, helpful, and enlightening dialogue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While no traumatic event is the same and the impact on every person is individual\u2014even when the event affects an entire community\u2014she says the most important piece for therapists is how to lead the path to healing and adjusting to life after the traumatic event.<\/p>\n<p>Marianne Cabrera, then a student and NRCI fellow involved in planning the conference, has a unique perspective on some of the trauma events sponsored by The Chicago School during that time. Her mother, Blesila Cabrera, lives in the Philippines. And while Blesila\u2019s city of Manila was not directly impacted by the deadly 2013 typhoon, the two of them worked together to help with relief and rebuilding efforts.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In spite of this, Cabrera says she was amazed to see how many people stood together as a community and turned tragedy into triumph.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cMy mom and I kind of worked on different sides,\u201d explains Dr. Cabrera, who has since graduated from The Chicago School\u2019s Ph.D. Organizational Leadership program. \u201cShe\u2019s on the ground so she was able to do her part in coordinating volunteers. Unfortunately, we did have friends who passed away from the typhoon.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In spite of this, Dr. Cabrera says she was amazed to see how many people stood together as a community and turned tragedy into triumph.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA lot of people, even though they\u2019ve lost everything, haven\u2019t lost hope. They realize it\u2019s going to be a difficult and uphill battle. They don\u2019t know what\u2019s going to happen in their life but they know they are going to have one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Through her involvement in recovery and relief efforts, she has witnessed the steps a community takes to recover to find healing after trauma. The Philippines has its own unique cultural challenges in dealing with psychology and the need for therapy as part of that recovery.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPsychology is something that\u2019s not very prevalent in the Filipino culture. The Philippines is predominantly Catholic, so faith plays a big role in our healing and coping mechanisms,\u201d she explains, adding that \u201cpeople aren\u2019t dealing with that just yet. The focus is on making sure they have a place to sleep; making sure they have food. The emotional and psychology side of it isn\u2019t being dealt with yet. It will take a long time to get that settled, if ever. Then they\u2019ll start looking inwardly.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>And that word is the silver lining of any trauma story\u2014survival.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Dr. Cabrera says the NRCI trauma conference included a \u201ccommunity crisis\u201d discussion relating to the typhoon as part of a larger discussion about healthy coping mechanisms for those who are experiencing PTSD and are healing from trauma.<\/p>\n<p>Having a support system and access to mental health resources is one of the most important ingredients for trauma recovery, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think part of it is the stigma that you feel alone and you don\u2019t want other people to know what you\u2019re going through. But there\u2019s a certain comfort level that comes with accepting help, and telling your story of survival.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And that word is the silver lining of any trauma story\u2014survival.<\/p>\n<p>Through darkness, there is light. And that is where The Chicago School and the mental health community at large are leading the way. The understanding of the psychological impact on the community, the process of dealing with those effects, and the adjustment to life after trauma, are all focuses of study at The Chicago School.<\/p>\n<h3>Lesson of hope<\/h3>\n<p>In 2007, Dr. Tiffany Masson, who became dean of the Chicago Campus in 2016, began co-developing a project for The Chicago School that would tell perhaps one of the greatest community trauma survival stories of our generation. Since 2010, the 12-Day Global HOPE (Healing Opportunities through Purposeful Engagement) Training Initiative has been taking The Chicago School faculty and students to train mental health care workers in post-genocide Rwanda.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne of the reasons why Rwanda is such an amazing country is the culture, resiliency of the people, and true value placed on family, community and helping one another,\u201d says Dr. Masson, whose continuing work in Rwanda has since resulted in the development of a similar Global HOPE Training Initiative in Zambia and most recently, South Africa. \u201cThe people of Rwanda are determined and their outlook on life is so focused on building a stronger future for their community and country.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Where there is healing, there is hope.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Chicago School graduate Dr. Priscilla Cheng, who worked on the Global HOPE Training Initiative in Rwanda as a Psy.D. student and completed a dissertation about women who experienced genocidal events in their childhood, says it was a transformational experience.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat I came to recognize and realize is that in the midst of really dark places and really dark times, there is an incredible human spirit that is unimaginably bright,\u201d says Dr. Cheng, who specializes in clinical psychology for children and adolescents and recently joined The Chicago School as an adjunct faculty member. \u201cChildren, especially, are incredibly resilient. I think they just bring a curiosity that isn\u2019t cloaked by history. They have this incredible tenacity about them, and they see joy in simple things. They don\u2019t need a lot to find happiness. They still believe in magic sometimes. And that can be an incredibly healing thing too.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Where there is healing, there is hope.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps that is the thing that unites all of these tragedies, all of this trauma we share as a society. It is a conversation The Chicago School is likely to continue for years to come. Check out our psychology programs to learn more about facing adversity as a community and how it can be beneficial.<\/p>\n<p><em>*This article, originally published in the Winter 2014 issue of INSIGHT magazine, was updated in September 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Are you ready to take the next step?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you would like to learn more about programs at The Chicago School, fill out the form below for more information. You can also apply today through our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/apply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">application portal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When a traumatic event strikes a community, there can be collective impact of pain, loss, and anxiety that trickles down and has lasting psychological effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":107568,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"coauthors":[1064],"class_list":["post-7762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-magazine","insight_authors-sherry-thomas","insight_issues-winter-2014"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Life After Trauma: It Takes A Community - Healing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the lasting psychological effects associated with collective trauma. Find out how collaboration can help a community heal after trauma.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insight\/from-the-magazine\/life-trauma-takes-community\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Life After Trauma: It Takes A Community - Healing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the lasting psychological effects associated with collective trauma. Find out how collaboration can help a community heal after trauma.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insight\/from-the-magazine\/life-trauma-takes-community\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Insight Digital Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-17T18:43:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-06T21:13:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/InstightDigital_1404x766_traumacommunity_43.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1404\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"766\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sherry Thomas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sherry Thomas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Life After Trauma: It Takes A Community - Healing","description":"Learn about the lasting psychological effects associated with collective trauma. 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