Hilal
Arnouk
Hilal Arnouk
- Campus: IllinoisCOM
- Department: Medical Education
- Institution: The Chicago School
Biography
Hilal Arnouk, M.D., Ph.D. is a Professor and the Pathology Discipline Lead at The Chicago School-Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine. Dr. Arnouk has received his education and post-doctorate training at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, the State University of New York at Buffalo, the Medical College of Georgia, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. He has directed research studies in academia and biotech industry settings. His primary areas of expertise include Cancer Immunotherapy, Biomarker Discovery, and Precision Medicine. Additionally, Dr. Arnouk tremendously enjoys being an educator and mentor for medical and graduate students.
Education History
Degree Institution Doctorate State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY Doctorate Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY Post-doctoral Fellowship Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia , Augusta, GA Post-doctoral Fellowship University Of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL Publications
Book Hilal Arnouk (2025). Biology of T Cells in Health and Disease. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2023). Advances in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytopathology. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2022). Advances in Soft Tissue Tumors. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2021). Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2019). Cancer Immunotherapy and Biological Cancer Treatments. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2012). Advancements in Tumor Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk (2009). Tumor Secreted grp170 as a Cancer Vaccine. London, United Kingdom: OmniScriptum S.R.L.
Chapter Jackson Sweeney; Smriti Marwaha; Hilal Arnouk (2025). Gamma Delta T Cell: A Unique Member of the T Cell Family with a Significant Role in Cancer Immunotherapy. In London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Sofia Khan; Rameen K. Walters; Hilal Arnouk (2023). ine-Needle Aspiration Cytopathology as a Valuable Tool in the Pathologist’s Toolbox. In London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Gloria Yum and Hilal Arnouk (2022). Soft Tissue Tumors of the Eye. In London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Hilal Arnouk; Sana Moqeet (2019). Are We There Yet? The Long and Winding Road to Cancer Immunotherapy. In London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen Limited.
Journal Mohamad Z. Hamoui; Shuaa Rizvi; Hilal Arnouk; Cai M. Roberts (2025). Putative Biomarkers for Prognosis, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, and Drug Response in Cell Lines Representing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. Genes, ,
Varun Shankavaram; Dean Shah; Aseel Alashqar; Jackson Sweeney; Hilal Arnouk (2024). Cornulin as a Key Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Cancers of the Squamous Epithelium. Genes, ,
Shuaa Rizvi; Hilal Arnouk (2023). Identification of Stratifin as a Potential Protein Biomarker Indicative of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. IIn Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, ,
Ziyi Sun; Hilal Arnouk (2023). Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) Expression as a Surrogate Biomarker Correlated With the Depth of Invasion in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Rey A De La Torre; Mourad Kerdjoudj; Hilal Arnouk (2023). DJ-1 Oncogene as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancer. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Mourad Kerdjoudj; Rey A De La Torre; Hilal Arnouk (2023). Characterization of DJ-1, PTEN, and p-Akt as Prognostic Biomarkers in the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Rachna Karumuri; Dean Shah; Hilal Arnouk (2022). Cornulin as a Prognosticator for Lymph Node Involvement in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Rachna Karumuri; Dean Shah; Hilal Arnouk (2022). Cornulin as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Mourad Kerdjoudj; Hilal Arnouk (2022). Characterization of Cornulin as a Molecular Biomarker for the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, ,
Karumuri, Rachna; Arnouk, Hilal (2021). Evaluation of Cornulin and DJ-1 as Novel Prognostic Biomarkers for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, ,
Arnouk, Hilal; Gloria Yum; Dean Shah (2021). Cripto-1 as a Key Factor in Tumor Progression, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ,
Daraghma H, Untiveros G, Raskind A, Iaccarino E, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M, Arnouk H et al (2021). The role of Nodal and Cripto‐1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Diseases, ,
Grad, Sari; Ladnier, Emily; Cuevas-Nunez, Maria C.; Carrilho, Marcela Rocha de Oliveira; Arnouk, Hilal (2020). Expression of Cornulin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, ,
Knight, A.; Arnouk, H.; Britt, W.; Gillespie, G.Y.; Cloud, G.A.; Harkins, L.; Su, Y.; Lowdell, M.W.; Lamb, L.S. Show (2013). CMV-Independent Lysis of Glioblastoma by Ex Vivo Expanded/Activated Vδ1+ γδ T Cells. PLoS ONE, ,
Knight, Andrea; Arnouk, Hilal; Gillespie, GeorgeY.; Britt, William; Su, Yun; Lowdell, Marh W.; Lamb, Lawrence S. (2012). CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INDEPENDENT LYSIS OF GLIOMA-DERIVED CELL LINES AND PRIMARY TUMOR EXPLANTS BY IN VITRO EXPANDED/ACTIVATED VΔ1+ΓΔ T CELLS. Neuro-Oncology, ,
Arnouk, H. and Lee, H. and Zhang, R. and Chung, H. and Hunt, R.C. and Jahng, W (2011). Early biosignature of oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium. Journal of Proteomics, ,
Bryant, N.L.; Gillespie, G.Y.; Lopez, R.D.; Markert, J.M.; Cloud, G.A.; Langford, C.P.; Arnouk, H. et al. (2011). Preclinical evaluation of ex vivo expanded/activated γδ T cells for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, ,
Lee, H.; Chung, H.; Arnouk, H.; Lamoke, F.; Hunt, R.C.; Hrushesky, W.J.M.; Wood, P.A.; Lee, S.H.; Jahng, W.J. (2011). Cleavage of the retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65 under oxidative stress. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, ,
Arnouk, H.; Zynda, E.R.; Wang, X.-Y.; Hylander, B.L.; Manjili, M.H.; Repasky, E.A.; Subjeck, J.R.; Latif Kazim, A. (2010). Tumour secreted grp170 chaperones full-length protein substrates and induces an adaptive anti-tumour immune response in vivo. International Journal of Hyperthermia, ,
Lee, H.; Arnouk, H.; Sripathi, S.; Chen, P.; Zhang, R.; Bartoli, M.; Hunt, R.C.; Hrushesky, W.J.M.; Chung, H.; Lee, S.H. et al. (2010). Prohibitin as an oxidative stress biomarker in the eye. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, ,
Arnouk, H.; Merkley, M.A.; Podolsky, R.H.; Stöppler, H.; Santos, C.; Álvarez, M.; Mariategui, J.; Ferris, D.; Lee, J.R.; Dynan, W.S. (2009). Characterization of molecular markers indicative of cervical cancer progression. Proteomics - Clinical Applications, ,
Merkley, M.A.; Hildebrandt, E.; Podolsky, R.H.; Arnouk, H.; Ferris, D.G.; Dynan, W.S.; Stöppler, H. (2009). Large-scale analysis of protein expression changes in human keratinocytes immortalized by human papilloma virus type 16 E6 and E7 oncogenes. Proteome Science, ,
Arnouk, Hilal; Denton, Lindsay; Gillespie, Yancey; Spencer, Trent; Su, Yun; Langford, Catherine; Lamb, Lawrence S. (2009). Synergistic Effect of Temozolamide Chemotherapy And γδ T-cell-based Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Journal of Immunotherapy, ,
Sharma, S.; Tammela, J.; Wang, X.; Arnouk, H.; Driscoll, D.; Mhawech-Fauceglia, P.; Lele, S.; Latif Kazim, A.; Odunsi, K. (2007). Characterization of a putative ovarian oncogene, elongation factor 1α isolated by panninga synthetic phage display single-chain variable fragment library with cultured human ovarian cancer cells. Clinical Cancer Research, ,
Manjili, M.H.; Arnouk, H.; Knutson, K.L.; Kmieciak, M.; Disis, M.L.; Subjeck, J.R.; Kazim, A.L. (2006). Emergence of immune escape variant of mammary tumors that has distinct proteomic profile and a reduced ability to induce "danger signals". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, ,
Wang, Xiang-Yang; Arnouk, Hilal; Chen, Xing; Kazim, Latif; Repasky, Elizabeth A.; Subieck, John R. (2006). Extracellular targeting of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone glucose-regulated protein 170 enhances tumor immunity to a poorly immunogenic melanoma. Journal of Immunology, ,
Facciponte, J.G.; Wang, X.-Y.; MacDonald, I.J.; Park, J.-E.; Arnouk, H. et al. (2006). Heat shock proteins HSP70 and GP96: Structural insights. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, ,
Kulawiec, M.; Arnouk, H.; Desouki, M.M.; Kazim, L.; Still, I.; Singh, K.K. (2006). Proteomic analysis of mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde response in human cancer. Cancer Biology & Therapy, ,
Manjili, M.H.; Wang, X.-Y.; MacDonald, I.J.; Arnouk, H.; Yang, G.Y.; Pritchard, M.T.; Subjeck, J.R. (2004). Cancer immunotherapy and heat-shock proteins: Promises and challenges. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, ,
Bunworasate, U.; Arnouk, H.; Minderman, H.; O'Loughlin, K.L.; Sait, S.N.J.; Barcos, M.; Baer, M.R. (2002). Erythropoietin-dependent transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome to acute monoblastic leukemia. Blood, ,
Media Exposure
Question and Answer
Please describe your teaching philosophy. As the landscape of healthcare is rapidly evolving, medical professionals need to adapt to the new environment by becoming lifelong learners who make keen observations, ask critical questions, and examine different perspectives to gain a deeper understanding of the “what,” “how,” and “why” of human disease. My classes are highly interactive and designed to build master adaptive learners. This new approach to teaching and learning will enable clinicians to provide high-quality care to their patients. I would also like for my students to become well-rounded professionals who are kind, considerate, and passionate about the care they deliver to their patients and the service they provide to their communities.
Professional Skills
(1) PRECISION MEDICINE: As medical oncology treatments are moving from anatomical sites to molecular sites, I am working on identifying cancer molecular biomarkers and treatment targets using Proteomics. After the completion of the genome project, efforts are currently invested in identifying the proteins in human tissues, especially the ones correlated with chronic diseases such as cancer. I have combined the recent techniques of laser capture microdissection, differential two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify a specific ovarian tumor antigen and characterized biomarkers for breast cancer and cervical cancer. These identified markers have promising clinical utility in the early detection of cancers. I am particularly interested in the interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. Tumor cells are distinguished from normal cells in a tissue by the presence of unique proteins known as tumor antigens that arise due to mutations and chromosomal translocations (e.g., the BCR/ABL fusion protein in leukemia), expression of proto-oncogenes at a higher level than their normal cellular counterparts (e.g., as a result of amplification as for HER-2/neu in breast cancer), or inappropriate activation of genes expressed only during the fetal stages of life (e.g. melanoma specific antigens of the MAGE family). Proteomics provides the ideal tools to identify these tumor antigens, which allows subsequent targeting of these proteins by antibodies, immune cells or target-specific drugs., (2) CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY: Harnessing the potential of the human body’s own immune system to attack malignant tumor cells has been the goal of intense scientific investigations in recent years, with advances in cancer biology and immunology enabling cancer immunotherapy to move from the bench-to-bedside. My research efforts are focused mainly on developing immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme, an aggressive form of brain cancers with an average survival of about a year from diagnosis despite combined surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. My approach to treat cancers relies on harnessing the ability of innate immune cells known as gamma delta T cells to recognize and eliminate the malignant tumor cells.
